电缆通常是由几根或几组导线[每组至少两根]绞合而成的类似绳索的电缆，每组导线之间相互绝缘，并常围绕着一根中心扭成，整个外面包有高度绝缘的覆盖层。多架设在空中或装在地下、水底，用于电讯或电力输送。1832年，沙俄退伍军官许林格将电报线路埋在地下，六根导线之间彼此用橡胶绝缘后同放在玻璃管内，这就是世界上最早的一条地下电缆。
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